Following is a list of the articles referred to in the background information.

Bassett AS, Chow EW, Waterworth DM, Brzustowicz L. 2001. Genetic insights into schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 46:131-137.

Cardno AG, Gottesman I. 2000. Twin studies of schizophrenia: From bow-and-arrow concordances to star wars mx and functional genomics. Am J Med Genet 97:12-17.

Creese I, Burt DR, Snyder SH. 1976. Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. Science 192:481-483.

Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Chen CY, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. 2006. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: Linkage of danish national registers. Am J Psychiatry 163:521-528.

Fink M, Lesage F, Duprat F, Heurteaux C, Reyes R, Fosset M, Lazdunski M. 1998. A neuronal two P domain K+ channel stimulated by arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The EMBO Journal 17:3297-3308.

Fujishima H, Sanchez Mejia RO, Bingham CO,3rd, Lam BK, Sapirstein A, Bonventre JV, Austen KF, Arm JP. 1999. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is essential for both the immediate and the delayed phases of eicosanoid generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:4803-4807.

Glen AI, Cooper SJ, Rybakowski J, Vaddadi K, Brayshaw N, Horrobin DF. 1996. Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and clinical parameters. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 55:9-15.

Gottesman II, Gould TD. 2003. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 160:636-645.

Hudson CJ, Gotowiec A, Seeman M, Warsh J, Ross BM. 1999. Clinical subtyping reveals significant differences in calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 46:401-405.

Hudson CJ, Lin A, Cogan S, Cashman F, Warsh JJ. 1997. The niacin challenge test: Clinical manifestation of altered transmembrane signal transduction in schizophrenia? Biol Psychiatry 41:507-513.

Kurrasch-Orbaugh DM, Parrish JC, V W, Nichols DE. 2003. A complex signaling cascade links the serotonin2A receptor to phospholipase A2 activation: The involvement of MAP kinases. J Neurochem 86:980-991.

Maclean R, Ward PE, Glen I, Roberts SJ, Ross BM. 2003. On the relationship between methylnicotinate-induced skin flush and fatty acids levels in acute psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27:927-933.

McGuffin P, Owen MJ, Farmer AE. 1995. Genetic basis of schizophrenia. Lancet 346:678-682.

Morrow JD, Awad JA, Oates JA, Roberts LJ,2nd. 1992. Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans. J Invest Dermatol 98:812-815.

Nakatani N, Uozumi N, Kume K, Murakami M, Kudo I, Shimizu T. 2000. Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the production of lipid mediators and histamine release in mouse bone-marrow-derived mast cells. Biochemical Journal. 352:311-317.

Peet M, Ramchand CN, Lee J, Telang SD, Vankar GK, Shah S, Wei J. 1998. Association of the ban I dimorphic site at the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 8:191-192.

Piomelli D, Pilon C, Giros B, Sokoloff P, Martres MP, Schwartz JC. 1991. Dopamine activation of the arachidonic acid cascade as a basis for D1/D2 receptor synergism. Nature 353:164-167.

Ross BM. 2003. Phospholipid and eicosanoid signaling disturbances in schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 69:407-412.

Shah SH, Vankar GK, Peet M, Ramchand CN. 2000. Unmedicated schizophrenic patients have a reduced skin flush in response to topical niacin. Schizophr Res 43:163-164.

Shimizu T, Wolfe LS. 1990. Arachidonic acid cascade and signal transduction. J Neurochem 55:1-15.

Smesny S, Berger G, Rosburg T, Riemann S, Riehemann S, McGorry P, Sauer H. 2003. Potential use of the topical niacin skin test in early psychosis -- a combined approach using optical reflection spectroscopy and a descriptive rating scale. J Psychiatr Res 37:237-247.

Smesny S, Rosburg T, Klemm S, Riemann S, Baur K, Rudolph N, Grunwald S, Sauer H. 2004. The influence of age and gender on niacin skin test results - implications for the use as a biochemical marker in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 38:537-543.

Tavares H, Yacubian J, Talib LL, Barbosa NR, Gattaz WF. 2003. Increased phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia with absent response to niacin. Schizophr Res 61:1-6.

Tsuang M. 2000. Schizophrenia: Genes and environment. Biol Psychiatry 47:210-220.

Turenne SD, Seeman M, Ross BM. 2001. An animal model of nicotinic-acid-induced vasodilation: Effect of haloperidol, caffeine and nicotine upon nicotinic acid response. Schizophr Res 50:191-197.

Waldo MC. 1999. Co-distribution of sensory gating and impaired niacin flush response in the parents of schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 40:49-53.

Ward PE, Sutherland J, Glen EM, Glen AI. 1998. Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: A preliminary report. Schizophr Res 29:269-274.